volcano.si.edu

Глобална вулканологична програма: прозорец към огнената история на Земята

Представете си свят, в който планините дишат огън и пепел. Уебсайт на вулкана. си. edu е точно мястото, където се събират всички данни за подобни събития. Това е проект на Смитсониън, наречен Глобална вулканологична програма или GVP. Това, което правят, е да документират изригвания през последните дванадесет хиляди години. Не само големи бедствия, но и малки. Защо това е важно? Защото, за да разбереш бъдещето, трябва да познаваш миналото.

Фокусът на програмата е бързото предаване на информация. Когато някъде се случи изригване, местните наблюдатели го докладват и месец по-късно излиза бюлетин. Но има и ретроспекция. Те събират исторически записи и геоложки данни. Всичко това заедно ни помага да се подготвим за това, което може да се случи утре. Базата данни Volcanos of the World съдържа каталог на всички активни планини за 12 000 години.

Какво има в базата данни?

Има списъци с вулкани, изригнали през 2025 г. Можете да намерите отчети за текущата дейност. Има дневни и седмични обобщения. Например, наскоро имаше доклад за нова пукнатина на югозапад с лава през юни 2024 г. Или за силната активност на езерото от лава от октомври 2023 г. до май 2024 г. Слойове пепел, топлинни аномалии, всичко това е записано. Дори малки експлозии като тази от 18 декември 2023 г. не остават незабелязани.

Интересното е, че сега има около 40-50 текущи изригвания по едно и също време. Общо през последните 12 хиляди години е имало около 1222 активни вулкана. В света има 693 от тях, които принадлежат към холоцена, което е 57 процента от общия брой. Те са разпръснати в 41 различни региона. Най-активните страни са САЩ Япония Индонезия Русия Чили. Понякога хората питат колко хора живеят в близост до опасни планини? Десет вулкана имат повече от милион души в радиус от пет километра.

Някои планини горят много дълго време. Има 106 изригвания, които са продължили пет или повече години. А вулканът Ясур във Вануату може би е изригвал повече от 750 години! Това е просто невероятно. Базата данни се актуализира редовно. През декември 2025 г. беше пусната версия 5. 3. 4. Също през август те стартираха нов проект заедно с USGS, който предоставя кратки ежедневни отчети от понеделник до петък.

• name: Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions--small as well as large--during the past 12,000 years. The range of volcanic behavior is great enough, and volcano lifetimes are long enough, that we must integrate observations of contemporary activity with historical and geological records of the recent past in order to prepare wisely for the future. The contemporary focus of the GVP is evident in the central role we play in the rapid dissemination of on-going eruption reports from local observers through our monthly Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Our retrospective effort to document Earth's volcanic eruptions of the last 12,000 years has led to development of comprehensive databases and an archive of relevant maps, photos, and documents. Through these two complementary approaches we attempt to provide a context in which any individual volcano's benefits and dangers can be usefully assessed.
• name: Author content: Smithsonian Institution
• name: Keywords content: gvp, volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Title content: Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Title.Alternative content: Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Format.MIME content: text/html
• name: DC.Contributor.CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Publisher content: Global Volcanism Program, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 119, Smithsonian Institution,
• name: DC.Publisher.Place content: Washington, DC:
• name: DC.Date.Issued content: 1996-
• name: DC.Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• name: DC.Description.Summary content: This site is the homepage for the Global Volcanism Program at the Smithsonian Institution. It provides current volcanic activity notices, reports published by the Smithsonian since 1968, and basic data about over 1,200 Holocene volcanoes.
• name: DC.Description.Contents content: Volcanic Activity Reports -- Volcanoes of the World
• name: DC.Identifier.URL content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• name: DC.Language content: english
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCC Local content: QE522
• name: DC.Subject scheme: CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Volcanoes - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Paleogeography - Holocene - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: Keyword content: volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Relation.Requires content: Mode of access: World Wide Web. Host: volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:site_name content: Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:title content: Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:url content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• property: og:type content: website
• property: og:image content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:secure_url content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:type content: image/jpeg
• property: og:image:alt content: Smithsonian GVP Logo
• name: twitter:site content: @SmithsonianGVP
• name: twitter:card content: summary_large_image

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