volcano.si.edu

Programa de vulcanologia global: una finestra a la història ardent de la Terra

Imagina un món on les muntanyes respiren foc i cendra. Web del volcà. si. edu és exactament el lloc on es recullen totes les dades sobre aquests esdeveniments. És un projecte de l'Smithsonian anomenat Global Volcanology Program, o GVP. El que estan fent és documentar les erupcions dels darrers dotze mil anys. No només grans desastres sinó també petits. Per què és important això? Perquè per entendre el futur cal conèixer el passat.

L'objectiu del programa és la transferència ràpida d'informació. Quan es produeix una erupció en algun lloc, els observadors locals ho informen i un mes després es publica un butlletí. Però també hi ha una retrospectiva. Recopilen registres històrics i dades geològiques. Tot plegat ens ajuda a preparar-nos per al que pot passar demà. La base de dades Volcans of the World conté un catàleg de totes les muntanyes actives durant 12.000 anys.

Què hi ha dins de la base de dades?

Hi ha llistes de volcans que van entrar en erupció l'any 2025. Podeu trobar informes sobre l'activitat actual. Hi ha resums diaris i setmanals. Per exemple, recentment s'ha informat d'una nova fissura al sud-oest amb lava el juny de 2024. O sobre la forta activitat del llac de lava des d'octubre de 2023 fins al maig de 2024. Es registra plomalls de cendra, anomalies tèrmiques, tot això. Fins i tot petites explosions com la del 18 de desembre de 2023 no passen desapercebudes.

Curiosament, ara hi ha unes 40-50 erupcions en curs al mateix temps. En total, durant els últims 12 mil anys hi ha hagut uns 1222 volcans actius. N'hi ha 693 al món que pertanyen a l'Holocè, que és el 57 per cent del total. Es troben repartits per 41 regions diferents. Els països més actius són els EUA Japó Indonèsia Rússia Xile. De vegades la gent es pregunta quanta gent viu a prop de muntanyes perilloses? Deu volcans tenen més d'un milió de persones en un radi de cinc quilòmetres.

Algunes muntanyes cremen durant molt de temps. Hi ha 106 erupcions que van durar cinc anys o més. I el volcà Yasur a Vanuatu pot haver estat en erupció durant més de 750 anys! Això és simplement increïble. La base de dades s'actualitza regularment. El desembre de 2025, es va publicar la versió 5. 3. 4. També a l'agost van posar en marxa un nou projecte juntament amb l'USGS que ofereix breus informes diaris de dilluns a divendres.

• name: Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions--small as well as large--during the past 12,000 years. The range of volcanic behavior is great enough, and volcano lifetimes are long enough, that we must integrate observations of contemporary activity with historical and geological records of the recent past in order to prepare wisely for the future. The contemporary focus of the GVP is evident in the central role we play in the rapid dissemination of on-going eruption reports from local observers through our monthly Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Our retrospective effort to document Earth's volcanic eruptions of the last 12,000 years has led to development of comprehensive databases and an archive of relevant maps, photos, and documents. Through these two complementary approaches we attempt to provide a context in which any individual volcano's benefits and dangers can be usefully assessed.
• name: Author content: Smithsonian Institution
• name: Keywords content: gvp, volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Title content: Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Title.Alternative content: Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Format.MIME content: text/html
• name: DC.Contributor.CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Publisher content: Global Volcanism Program, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 119, Smithsonian Institution,
• name: DC.Publisher.Place content: Washington, DC:
• name: DC.Date.Issued content: 1996-
• name: DC.Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• name: DC.Description.Summary content: This site is the homepage for the Global Volcanism Program at the Smithsonian Institution. It provides current volcanic activity notices, reports published by the Smithsonian since 1968, and basic data about over 1,200 Holocene volcanoes.
• name: DC.Description.Contents content: Volcanic Activity Reports -- Volcanoes of the World
• name: DC.Identifier.URL content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• name: DC.Language content: english
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCC Local content: QE522
• name: DC.Subject scheme: CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Volcanoes - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Paleogeography - Holocene - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: Keyword content: volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Relation.Requires content: Mode of access: World Wide Web. Host: volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:site_name content: Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:title content: Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:url content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• property: og:type content: website
• property: og:image content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:secure_url content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:type content: image/jpeg
• property: og:image:alt content: Smithsonian GVP Logo
• name: twitter:site content: @SmithsonianGVP
• name: twitter:card content: summary_large_image

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