volcano.si.edu

Globālā vulkanoloģijas programma: logs uz Zemes ugunīgo vēsturi

Iedomājieties pasauli, kurā kalni elpo uguni un pelnus. Vulkāna vietne. si. edu ir tieši tā vieta, kur tiek apkopoti visi dati par šādiem notikumiem. Tas ir Smitsona projekts ar nosaukumu Globālā vulkanoloģijas programma jeb GVP. Tas, ko viņi dara, ir pēdējo divpadsmit tūkstošu gadu izvirdumu dokumentēšana. Ne tikai lielas, bet arī mazas nelaimes. Kāpēc tas ir svarīgi? Jo, lai saprastu nākotni, ir jāzina pagātne.

Programmas uzmanības centrā ir ātra informācijas nodošana. Kad kaut kur notiek izvirdums, vietējie novērotāji par to ziņo un mēnesi vēlāk tiek publicēts biļetens. Bet ir arī retrospekcija. Viņi vāc vēsturiskos ierakstus un ģeoloģiskos datus. Tas viss kopā palīdz mums sagatavoties tam, kas varētu notikt rīt. Pasaules vulkāni datubāzē ir visu aktīvo kalnu katalogs 12 000 gadu garumā.

Kas atrodas datu bāzē?

Ir 2025. gadā izvirdušo vulkānu saraksti. Varat atrast pārskatus par pašreizējo darbību. Ir dienas un nedēļas kopsavilkumi. Piemēram, nesen tika ziņots par jaunu plaisu dienvidrietumos ar lavu 2024. gada jūnijā. Vai arī par lavas ezera spēcīgo aktivitāti no 2023. gada oktobra līdz 2024. gada maijam. Pelnu strūklas, termiskās anomālijas, tas viss ir reģistrēts. Pat tādi nelieli sprādzieni kā 2023. gada 18. decembrī nepaliek nepamanīti.

Interesanti, ka šobrīd vienlaikus notiek aptuveni 40–50 izvirdumi. Kopumā pēdējo 12 tūkstošu gadu laikā ir bijuši aptuveni 1222 aktīvi vulkāni. Pasaulē ir 693 no tiem, kas pieder pie holocēna, kas ir 57 procenti no kopējā skaita. Tie ir izkaisīti 41 dažādos reģionos. Aktīvākās valstis ir ASV Japāna Indonēzija Krievija Čīle. Dažreiz cilvēki jautā, cik cilvēku dzīvo bīstamu kalnu tuvumā? Desmit vulkānos piecu kilometru rādiusā ir vairāk nekā miljons cilvēku.

Daži kalni deg ļoti ilgu laiku. Ir 106 izvirdumi, kas ilga piecus gadus vai ilgāk. Un Yasur vulkāns Vanuatu, iespējams, ir izvirduši vairāk nekā 750 gadus! Tas ir vienkārši neticami. Datu bāze tiek regulāri atjaunināta. 2025. gada decembrī tika izlaista versija 5. 3. 4. Tāpat augustā viņi kopā ar USGS uzsāka jaunu projektu, kas nodrošina īsus ikdienas ziņojumus no pirmdienas līdz piektdienai.

• name: Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions--small as well as large--during the past 12,000 years. The range of volcanic behavior is great enough, and volcano lifetimes are long enough, that we must integrate observations of contemporary activity with historical and geological records of the recent past in order to prepare wisely for the future. The contemporary focus of the GVP is evident in the central role we play in the rapid dissemination of on-going eruption reports from local observers through our monthly Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Our retrospective effort to document Earth's volcanic eruptions of the last 12,000 years has led to development of comprehensive databases and an archive of relevant maps, photos, and documents. Through these two complementary approaches we attempt to provide a context in which any individual volcano's benefits and dangers can be usefully assessed.
• name: Author content: Smithsonian Institution
• name: Keywords content: gvp, volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Title content: Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Title.Alternative content: Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Format.MIME content: text/html
• name: DC.Contributor.CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Publisher content: Global Volcanism Program, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 119, Smithsonian Institution,
• name: DC.Publisher.Place content: Washington, DC:
• name: DC.Date.Issued content: 1996-
• name: DC.Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• name: DC.Description.Summary content: This site is the homepage for the Global Volcanism Program at the Smithsonian Institution. It provides current volcanic activity notices, reports published by the Smithsonian since 1968, and basic data about over 1,200 Holocene volcanoes.
• name: DC.Description.Contents content: Volcanic Activity Reports -- Volcanoes of the World
• name: DC.Identifier.URL content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• name: DC.Language content: english
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCC Local content: QE522
• name: DC.Subject scheme: CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Volcanoes - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Paleogeography - Holocene - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: Keyword content: volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Relation.Requires content: Mode of access: World Wide Web. Host: volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:site_name content: Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:title content: Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:url content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• property: og:type content: website
• property: og:image content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:secure_url content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:type content: image/jpeg
• property: og:image:alt content: Smithsonian GVP Logo
• name: twitter:site content: @SmithsonianGVP
• name: twitter:card content: summary_large_image

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