volcano.si.edu

Global Volcanology Program: ein Fenster in die feurige Geschichte der Erde

Stellen Sie sich eine Welt vor, in der Berge Feuer und Asche spucken. Vulkan-Website. si. edu ist genau der Ort, an dem alle Daten über solche Ereignisse gesammelt werden. Es handelt sich um ein Smithsonian-Projekt namens Global Volcanology Program oder GVP. Sie dokumentieren die Ausbrüche der letzten zwölftausend Jahre. Nicht nur große Katastrophen, sondern auch kleine. Warum ist das wichtig? Denn um die Zukunft zu verstehen, muss man die Vergangenheit kennen.

Der Schwerpunkt des Programms liegt auf der schnellen Informationsvermittlung. Wenn es irgendwo zu einem Ausbruch kommt, melden lokale Beobachter dies und einen Monat später wird ein Bulletin veröffentlicht. Es gibt aber auch eine Retrospektive. Sie sammeln historische Aufzeichnungen und geologische Daten. All dies zusammen hilft uns, uns auf das vorzubereiten, was morgen passieren könnte. Die Datenbank „Volcanoes of the World“ enthält einen Katalog aller aktiven Berge seit 12.000 Jahren.

Was ist in der Datenbank enthalten?

Es gibt Listen von Vulkanen, die im Jahr 2025 ausgebrochen sind. Sie können Berichte über aktuelle Aktivitäten finden. Es gibt tägliche und wöchentliche Zusammenfassungen. Beispielsweise wurde kürzlich von einem neuen Spalt im Südwesten mit Lava im Juni 2024 berichtet. Oder von der starken Aktivität des Lavasees von Oktober 2023 bis Mai 2024. Aschewolken, thermische Anomalien, all das wird aufgezeichnet. Selbst kleine Explosionen wie die am 18. Dezember 2023 bleiben nicht unbemerkt.

Interessanterweise gibt es mittlerweile etwa 40–50 laufende Eruptionen gleichzeitig. Insgesamt gab es in den letzten 12.000 Jahren etwa 1222 aktive Vulkane. Weltweit gibt es davon 693, die zum Holozän gehören, das sind 57 Prozent der Gesamtzahl. Sie sind über 41 verschiedene Regionen verstreut. Die aktivsten Länder sind die USA Japan Indonesien Russland Chile. Manchmal wird gefragt, wie viele Menschen in der Nähe gefährlicher Berge leben? Zehn Vulkane beherbergen mehr als eine Million Menschen im Umkreis von fünf Kilometern.

Manche Berge brennen sehr lange. Es gibt 106 Eruptionen, die fünf Jahre oder länger dauerten. Und der Yasur-Vulkan in Vanuatu bricht möglicherweise schon seit mehr als 750 Jahren aus! Das ist einfach unglaublich. Die Datenbank wird regelmäßig aktualisiert. Im Dezember 2025 wurde Version 5.3.4 veröffentlicht. Ebenfalls im August starteten sie gemeinsam mit dem USGS ein neues Projekt, das von Montag bis Freitag kurze tägliche Berichte liefert.

• name: Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions--small as well as large--during the past 12,000 years. The range of volcanic behavior is great enough, and volcano lifetimes are long enough, that we must integrate observations of contemporary activity with historical and geological records of the recent past in order to prepare wisely for the future. The contemporary focus of the GVP is evident in the central role we play in the rapid dissemination of on-going eruption reports from local observers through our monthly Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Our retrospective effort to document Earth's volcanic eruptions of the last 12,000 years has led to development of comprehensive databases and an archive of relevant maps, photos, and documents. Through these two complementary approaches we attempt to provide a context in which any individual volcano's benefits and dangers can be usefully assessed.
• name: Author content: Smithsonian Institution
• name: Keywords content: gvp, volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Title content: Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Title.Alternative content: Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Format.MIME content: text/html
• name: DC.Contributor.CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Publisher content: Global Volcanism Program, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 119, Smithsonian Institution,
• name: DC.Publisher.Place content: Washington, DC:
• name: DC.Date.Issued content: 1996-
• name: DC.Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• name: DC.Description.Summary content: This site is the homepage for the Global Volcanism Program at the Smithsonian Institution. It provides current volcanic activity notices, reports published by the Smithsonian since 1968, and basic data about over 1,200 Holocene volcanoes.
• name: DC.Description.Contents content: Volcanic Activity Reports -- Volcanoes of the World
• name: DC.Identifier.URL content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• name: DC.Language content: english
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCC Local content: QE522
• name: DC.Subject scheme: CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Volcanoes - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Paleogeography - Holocene - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: Keyword content: volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Relation.Requires content: Mode of access: World Wide Web. Host: volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:site_name content: Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:title content: Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:url content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• property: og:type content: website
• property: og:image content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:secure_url content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:type content: image/jpeg
• property: og:image:alt content: Smithsonian GVP Logo
• name: twitter:site content: @SmithsonianGVP
• name: twitter:card content: summary_large_image

• Home
• Eruptions in 2025 (New/Total):
• Info & Contacts
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• Smithsonian / USGS Daily Volcanic Activity Report
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• What volcanoes and volcanic regions form the "Pacific Ring of Fire"?
• Which countries have the most volcanoes?
• How many Holocene volcanoes are there?
• Has volcanic activity been increasing?
• What volcanoes have had the longest eruptions?
• What volcanoes have the most people living nearby?
• What volcanoes are the most noteworthy?
• Global Volcanism Program
• Contact GVP

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