volcano.si.edu

Programa Global de Vulcanologia: uma janela para a história ardente da Terra

Imagine um mundo onde as montanhas respiram fogo e cinzas. Site do vulcão. si. edu é exatamente o local onde são coletados todos os dados sobre tais eventos. É um projeto do Smithsonian chamado Programa Global de Vulcanologia, ou GVP. O que estão a fazer é documentar as erupções dos últimos doze mil anos. Não apenas grandes desastres, mas também pequenos. Por que isso é importante? Porque para entender o futuro é preciso conhecer o passado.

O foco do programa é a rápida transferência de informações. Quando ocorre uma erupção em algum lugar, os observadores locais relatam e um mês depois um boletim é publicado. Mas também há uma retrospectiva. Eles coletam registros históricos e dados geológicos. Tudo isso junto nos ajuda a nos preparar para o que pode acontecer amanhã. O banco de dados Vulcões do Mundo contém um catálogo de todas as montanhas ativas durante 12.000 anos.

O que há no banco de dados?

Existem listas de vulcões que entraram em erupção em 2025. Você pode encontrar relatórios sobre atividades atuais. Existem resumos diários e semanais. Por exemplo, houve recentemente um relato de uma nova fissura no sudoeste com lava em junho de 2024. Ou sobre a forte atividade do lago de lava de outubro de 2023 a maio de 2024. Plumas de cinzas, anomalias térmicas, tudo isso está registrado. Mesmo pequenas explosões como a de 18 de dezembro de 2023 não passam despercebidas.

Curiosamente, existem agora cerca de 40 a 50 erupções em curso ao mesmo tempo. No total, nos últimos 12 mil anos, existiram cerca de 1.222 vulcões ativos. Existem 693 deles no mundo que pertencem ao Holoceno, o que representa 57% do total. Eles estão espalhados por 41 regiões diferentes. Os países mais ativos são os EUA Japão Indonésia Rússia Chile. Às vezes as pessoas perguntam quantas pessoas vivem perto de montanhas perigosas? Dez vulcões têm mais de um milhão de pessoas num raio de cinco quilómetros.

Algumas montanhas queimam por muito tempo. Existem 106 erupções que duraram cinco anos ou mais. E o vulcão Yasur em Vanuatu pode estar em erupção há mais de 750 anos! Isto é simplesmente incrível. O banco de dados é atualizado regularmente. Em dezembro de 2025, a versão 5.3.4 foi lançada. Também em agosto, lançaram um novo projeto em conjunto com o USGS que fornece breves relatórios diários de segunda a sexta-feira.

• name: Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions--small as well as large--during the past 12,000 years. The range of volcanic behavior is great enough, and volcano lifetimes are long enough, that we must integrate observations of contemporary activity with historical and geological records of the recent past in order to prepare wisely for the future. The contemporary focus of the GVP is evident in the central role we play in the rapid dissemination of on-going eruption reports from local observers through our monthly Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Our retrospective effort to document Earth's volcanic eruptions of the last 12,000 years has led to development of comprehensive databases and an archive of relevant maps, photos, and documents. Through these two complementary approaches we attempt to provide a context in which any individual volcano's benefits and dangers can be usefully assessed.
• name: Author content: Smithsonian Institution
• name: Keywords content: gvp, volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Title content: Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Title.Alternative content: Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Format.MIME content: text/html
• name: DC.Contributor.CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Publisher content: Global Volcanism Program, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 119, Smithsonian Institution,
• name: DC.Publisher.Place content: Washington, DC:
• name: DC.Date.Issued content: 1996-
• name: DC.Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• name: DC.Description.Summary content: This site is the homepage for the Global Volcanism Program at the Smithsonian Institution. It provides current volcanic activity notices, reports published by the Smithsonian since 1968, and basic data about over 1,200 Holocene volcanoes.
• name: DC.Description.Contents content: Volcanic Activity Reports -- Volcanoes of the World
• name: DC.Identifier.URL content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• name: DC.Language content: english
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCC Local content: QE522
• name: DC.Subject scheme: CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Volcanoes - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Paleogeography - Holocene - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: Keyword content: volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Relation.Requires content: Mode of access: World Wide Web. Host: volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:site_name content: Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:title content: Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:url content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• property: og:type content: website
• property: og:image content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:secure_url content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:type content: image/jpeg
• property: og:image:alt content: Smithsonian GVP Logo
• name: twitter:site content: @SmithsonianGVP
• name: twitter:card content: summary_large_image

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