volcano.si.edu

Globální vulkanologický program: okno do ohnivé historie Země

Představte si svět, kde hory dýchají ohněm a popelem. Webová stránka Volcano. si. edu je přesně to místo, kde se shromažďují všechna data o takových událostech. Je to Smithsonův projekt nazvaný Global Volcanology Program, neboli GVP. To, co dělají, je dokumentování erupcí za posledních dvanáct tisíc let. Nejen velké katastrofy, ale i malé. Proč je to důležité? Protože abyste pochopili budoucnost, musíte znát minulost.

Program se zaměřuje na rychlý přenos informací. Když někde dojde k erupci, místní pozorovatelé to nahlásí a o měsíc později vyjde bulletin. Nechybí ale ani retrospektiva. Shromažďují historické záznamy a geologická data. To vše dohromady nám pomáhá připravit se na to, co se může stát zítra. Databáze Volcanoes of the World obsahuje katalog všech aktivních hor za 12 000 let.

Co je v databázi?

Existují seznamy sopek, které vybuchly v roce 2025. Můžete najít zprávy o aktuální aktivitě. Existují denní a týdenní souhrny. Nedávno se například objevila zpráva o nové puklině na jihozápadě s lávou v červnu 2024. Nebo o silné aktivitě lávového jezera od října 2023 do května 2024. Vlečky popela, tepelné anomálie, to vše je zaznamenáno. Ani malé výbuchy, jako byl ten z 18. prosince 2023, nezůstávají bez povšimnutí.

Zajímavé je, že nyní probíhá přibližně 40–50 probíhajících erupcí současně. Celkem bylo za posledních 12 tisíc let asi 1222 aktivních sopek. Na světě jich je 693, které patří do holocénu, což je 57 procent z celkového počtu. Jsou rozptýleny ve 41 různých regionech. Nejaktivnějšími zeměmi jsou USA Japonsko Indonésie Rusko Chile. Někdy se lidé ptají, kolik lidí žije v blízkosti nebezpečných hor? Deset sopek má v okruhu pěti kilometrů více než milion lidí.

Některé hory hoří velmi dlouho. Existuje 106 erupcí, které trvaly pět a více let. A sopka Yasur na Vanuatu mohla vybuchovat více než 750 let! To je prostě neuvěřitelné. Databáze je pravidelně aktualizována. V prosinci 2025 byla vydána verze 5. 3. 4. Také v srpnu spustili spolu s USGS nový projekt, který poskytuje stručné denní zprávy od pondělí do pátku.

• name: Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions--small as well as large--during the past 12,000 years. The range of volcanic behavior is great enough, and volcano lifetimes are long enough, that we must integrate observations of contemporary activity with historical and geological records of the recent past in order to prepare wisely for the future. The contemporary focus of the GVP is evident in the central role we play in the rapid dissemination of on-going eruption reports from local observers through our monthly Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Our retrospective effort to document Earth's volcanic eruptions of the last 12,000 years has led to development of comprehensive databases and an archive of relevant maps, photos, and documents. Through these two complementary approaches we attempt to provide a context in which any individual volcano's benefits and dangers can be usefully assessed.
• name: Author content: Smithsonian Institution
• name: Keywords content: gvp, volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Title content: Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Title.Alternative content: Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Format.MIME content: text/html
• name: DC.Contributor.CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Publisher content: Global Volcanism Program, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 119, Smithsonian Institution,
• name: DC.Publisher.Place content: Washington, DC:
• name: DC.Date.Issued content: 1996-
• name: DC.Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• name: DC.Description.Summary content: This site is the homepage for the Global Volcanism Program at the Smithsonian Institution. It provides current volcanic activity notices, reports published by the Smithsonian since 1968, and basic data about over 1,200 Holocene volcanoes.
• name: DC.Description.Contents content: Volcanic Activity Reports -- Volcanoes of the World
• name: DC.Identifier.URL content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• name: DC.Language content: english
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCC Local content: QE522
• name: DC.Subject scheme: CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Volcanoes - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Paleogeography - Holocene - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: Keyword content: volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Relation.Requires content: Mode of access: World Wide Web. Host: volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:site_name content: Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:title content: Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:url content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• property: og:type content: website
• property: og:image content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:secure_url content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:type content: image/jpeg
• property: og:image:alt content: Smithsonian GVP Logo
• name: twitter:site content: @SmithsonianGVP
• name: twitter:card content: summary_large_image

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