volcano.si.edu

Globalny program wulkanologiczny: okno na ognistą historię Ziemi

Wyobraź sobie świat, w którym góry zieją ogniem i popiołem. witryna wulkanu. si. edu to właśnie miejsce, w którym gromadzone są wszelkie dane o tego typu wydarzeniach. To projekt Smithsonian o nazwie Global Volcanology Program, w skrócie GVP. Dokumentują erupcje, które miały miejsce w ciągu ostatnich dwunastu tysięcy lat. Nie tylko duże katastrofy, ale i małe. Dlaczego to jest ważne? Bo żeby zrozumieć przyszłość trzeba poznać przeszłość.

Program skupia się na szybkim przekazywaniu informacji. Kiedy gdzieś nastąpi erupcja, lokalni obserwatorzy zgłaszają to, a miesiąc później publikowany jest biuletyn. Ale jest też retrospektywa. Gromadzą zapisy historyczne i dane geologiczne. Wszystko to razem pomaga nam przygotować się na to, co może wydarzyć się jutro. Baza danych Volcanoes of the World zawiera katalog wszystkich aktywnych gór od 12 000 lat.

Co znajduje się w bazie danych?

Znajduje się tam lista wulkanów, które wybuchły w 2025 roku. Możesz znaleźć raporty na temat bieżącej aktywności. Istnieją podsumowania dzienne i tygodniowe. Na przykład niedawno pojawił się raport o nowej szczelinie z lawą na południowym zachodzie w czerwcu 2024 r. Albo o silnej aktywności jeziora lawy od października 2023 r. do maja 2024 r. Pióropusze popiołu, anomalie termiczne – wszystko to jest rejestrowane. Nawet małe eksplozje, takie jak ta z 18 grudnia 2023 roku, nie pozostają niezauważone.

Co ciekawe, obecnie w tym samym czasie trwa około 40–50 erupcji. W sumie w ciągu ostatnich 12 tysięcy lat było około 1222 aktywnych wulkanów. Na świecie jest ich 693, które należą do holocenu, co stanowi 57 procent ogółu. Są rozsiani po 41 różnych regionach. Najbardziej aktywne kraje to USA Japonia Indonezja Rosja Chile. Czasami ludzie pytają, ile osób mieszka w pobliżu niebezpiecznych gór? Dziesięć wulkanów zamieszkuje ponad milion ludzi w promieniu pięciu kilometrów.

Niektóre góry płoną bardzo długo. Istnieje 106 erupcji, które trwały pięć lat lub dłużej. A wulkan Yasur na Vanuatu mógł wybuchać od ponad 750 lat! To jest po prostu niesamowite. Baza danych jest regularnie aktualizowana. W grudniu 2025 roku ukazała się wersja 5.3.4. Również w sierpniu wraz z USGS uruchomili nowy projekt, który zapewnia krótkie codzienne raporty od poniedziałku do piątku.

• name: Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions--small as well as large--during the past 12,000 years. The range of volcanic behavior is great enough, and volcano lifetimes are long enough, that we must integrate observations of contemporary activity with historical and geological records of the recent past in order to prepare wisely for the future. The contemporary focus of the GVP is evident in the central role we play in the rapid dissemination of on-going eruption reports from local observers through our monthly Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Our retrospective effort to document Earth's volcanic eruptions of the last 12,000 years has led to development of comprehensive databases and an archive of relevant maps, photos, and documents. Through these two complementary approaches we attempt to provide a context in which any individual volcano's benefits and dangers can be usefully assessed.
• name: Author content: Smithsonian Institution
• name: Keywords content: gvp, volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Title content: Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Title.Alternative content: Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Format.MIME content: text/html
• name: DC.Contributor.CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Publisher content: Global Volcanism Program, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 119, Smithsonian Institution,
• name: DC.Publisher.Place content: Washington, DC:
• name: DC.Date.Issued content: 1996-
• name: DC.Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• name: DC.Description.Summary content: This site is the homepage for the Global Volcanism Program at the Smithsonian Institution. It provides current volcanic activity notices, reports published by the Smithsonian since 1968, and basic data about over 1,200 Holocene volcanoes.
• name: DC.Description.Contents content: Volcanic Activity Reports -- Volcanoes of the World
• name: DC.Identifier.URL content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• name: DC.Language content: english
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCC Local content: QE522
• name: DC.Subject scheme: CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Volcanoes - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Paleogeography - Holocene - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: Keyword content: volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Relation.Requires content: Mode of access: World Wide Web. Host: volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:site_name content: Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:title content: Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:url content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• property: og:type content: website
• property: og:image content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:secure_url content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:type content: image/jpeg
• property: og:image:alt content: Smithsonian GVP Logo
• name: twitter:site content: @SmithsonianGVP
• name: twitter:card content: summary_large_image

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