volcano.si.edu

Globális vulkanológiai program: ablak a Föld tüzes történelmébe

Képzeljen el egy világot, ahol a hegyek tüzet és hamut lehelnek. Vulkán honlapja. si. Az edu pontosan az a hely, ahol az ilyen eseményekkel kapcsolatos összes adatot összegyűjtik. Ez egy Smithsonian projekt, az úgynevezett Global Volcanology Program, vagy GVP. Amit csinálnak, az az elmúlt tizenkétezer év kitöréseinek dokumentálása. Nem csak nagy katasztrófák, hanem kisebbek is. Miért fontos ez? Mert a jövő megértéséhez ismerni kell a múltat.

A program középpontjában a gyors információátadás áll. Ha valahol kitörés történik, a helyi megfigyelők beszámolnak róla, és egy hónappal később közleményt adnak ki. De van retrospektív is. Történelmi feljegyzéseket és geológiai adatokat gyűjtenek. Mindez együtt segít felkészülni arra, ami holnap történhet. A Volcanoes of the World adatbázis tartalmazza az összes aktív hegy katalógusát 12 000 év óta.

Mi van az adatbázisban?

Vannak listák a 2025-ben kitört vulkánokról. Jelentéseket találhat az aktuális tevékenységről. Vannak napi és heti összefoglalók. Például nemrégiben érkezett jelentés egy új hasadékról délnyugaton, lávával 2024 júniusában. Vagy a lávató erős aktivitásáról 2023 októberétől 2024 májusáig. Hamucsóvák, termikus anomáliák, mindezt rögzítik. Még a 2023. december 18-ihoz hasonló kis robbanások sem maradnak észrevétlenül.

Érdekes módon jelenleg körülbelül 40-50 kitörés van folyamatban egyidőben. Összesen az elmúlt 12 ezer évben körülbelül 1222 aktív vulkán volt. A világon 693-an tartoznak a holocénhez, ami az összes 57 százaléka. 41 különböző régióban vannak szétszórva. A legaktívabb országok az USA Japán Indonézia Oroszország Chile. Néha az emberek megkérdezik, hány ember él veszélyes hegyek közelében? Tíz vulkán öt kilométeres körzetében több mint egymillió ember él.

Egyes hegyek nagyon sokáig égnek. 106 olyan kitörés van, amelyek öt évig vagy tovább tartottak. A vanuatui Yasur vulkán pedig több mint 750 éve törhetett ki! Ez egyszerűen hihetetlen. Az adatbázis rendszeresen frissül. 2025 decemberében megjelent az 5. 3. 4 verzió. Szintén augusztusban új projektet indítottak az USGS-sel közösen, amely hétfőtől péntekig rövid napi jelentéseket ad.

• name: Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions--small as well as large--during the past 12,000 years. The range of volcanic behavior is great enough, and volcano lifetimes are long enough, that we must integrate observations of contemporary activity with historical and geological records of the recent past in order to prepare wisely for the future. The contemporary focus of the GVP is evident in the central role we play in the rapid dissemination of on-going eruption reports from local observers through our monthly Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Our retrospective effort to document Earth's volcanic eruptions of the last 12,000 years has led to development of comprehensive databases and an archive of relevant maps, photos, and documents. Through these two complementary approaches we attempt to provide a context in which any individual volcano's benefits and dangers can be usefully assessed.
• name: Author content: Smithsonian Institution
• name: Keywords content: gvp, volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Title content: Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Title.Alternative content: Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Format.MIME content: text/html
• name: DC.Contributor.CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Publisher content: Global Volcanism Program, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 119, Smithsonian Institution,
• name: DC.Publisher.Place content: Washington, DC:
• name: DC.Date.Issued content: 1996-
• name: DC.Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• name: DC.Description.Summary content: This site is the homepage for the Global Volcanism Program at the Smithsonian Institution. It provides current volcanic activity notices, reports published by the Smithsonian since 1968, and basic data about over 1,200 Holocene volcanoes.
• name: DC.Description.Contents content: Volcanic Activity Reports -- Volcanoes of the World
• name: DC.Identifier.URL content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• name: DC.Language content: english
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCC Local content: QE522
• name: DC.Subject scheme: CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Volcanoes - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Paleogeography - Holocene - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: Keyword content: volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Relation.Requires content: Mode of access: World Wide Web. Host: volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:site_name content: Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:title content: Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:url content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• property: og:type content: website
• property: og:image content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:secure_url content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:type content: image/jpeg
• property: og:image:alt content: Smithsonian GVP Logo
• name: twitter:site content: @SmithsonianGVP
• name: twitter:card content: summary_large_image

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