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世界火山学プログラム: 地球の燃えるような歴史への窓

山々が火と灰を吐き出す世界を想像してみてください。 火山のウェブサイト。シ。 edu はまさにそのようなイベントに関するすべてのデータが収集される場所です。 これは、世界火山学プログラム (GVP) と呼ばれるスミソニアン博物館のプロジェクトです。 彼らが行っていることは、過去 1 万 2,000 年間の噴火を記録することです。 大きな災害だけでなく、小さな災害も。 これがなぜ重要なのでしょうか?未来を理解するには過去を知る必要があるからです。

このプログラムの焦点は、情報の迅速な転送です。 どこかで噴火が発生すると、地元の観測員がそれを報告し、1か月後に速報が発行されます。 しかし、回顧展もあります。 彼らは歴史的記録と地質学的データを収集します。 これらすべてを組み合わせることで、明日起こるかもしれないことに備えることができます。 世界の火山データベースには、12,000 年間の活動中のすべての山のカタログが含まれています。

データベースの内容は何ですか?

2025 年に噴火した火山のリストがあります。現在の活動に関するレポートを見つけることができます。 毎日と毎週の概要があります。 たとえば、最近、2024 年 6 月に南西部で溶岩による新たな亀裂が発生したという報告がありました。または、2023 年 10 月から 2024 年 5 月にかけての溶岩湖の強い活動についての報告がありました。噴煙、熱異常、これらすべてが記録されています。 2023 年 12 月 18 日のような小規模な爆発であっても、見逃されることはありません。

興味深いことに、現在約 40 ～ 50 の噴火が同時に進行中です。 過去 12,000 年間に、合計で約 1,222 個の活火山が存在しました。 完新世に属するものは世界で 693 個あり、全体の 57% を占めます。 それらは 41 の異なる地域に点在しています。 最も活発な国は、米国、日本、インドネシア、ロシア、チリです。 時々、危険な山の近くに何人の人が住んでいるのかと尋ねられることがあります。半径 5 キロメートル以内に 10 個の火山があり、100 万人以上の人々が住んでいます。

山の中には非常に長い間燃え続けるものもあります。 5年以上続いた噴火は106件ある。 そして、バヌアツのヤスール火山は 750 年以上噴火し続けている可能性があります。これは本当に信じられないことです。 データベースは定期的に更新されます。 2025 年 12 月に、バージョン 5.3.4 がリリースされました。また、8月にはUSGSと共同で月曜日から金曜日までの簡単な日報を提供する新しいプロジェクトを立ち上げた。

• name: Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions--small as well as large--during the past 12,000 years. The range of volcanic behavior is great enough, and volcano lifetimes are long enough, that we must integrate observations of contemporary activity with historical and geological records of the recent past in order to prepare wisely for the future. The contemporary focus of the GVP is evident in the central role we play in the rapid dissemination of on-going eruption reports from local observers through our monthly Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. Our retrospective effort to document Earth's volcanic eruptions of the last 12,000 years has led to development of comprehensive databases and an archive of relevant maps, photos, and documents. Through these two complementary approaches we attempt to provide a context in which any individual volcano's benefits and dangers can be usefully assessed.
• name: Author content: Smithsonian Institution
• name: Keywords content: gvp, volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Title content: Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Title.Alternative content: Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program
• name: DC.Format.MIME content: text/html
• name: DC.Contributor.CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Publisher content: Global Volcanism Program, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 119, Smithsonian Institution,
• name: DC.Publisher.Place content: Washington, DC:
• name: DC.Date.Issued content: 1996-
• name: DC.Description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• name: DC.Description.Summary content: This site is the homepage for the Global Volcanism Program at the Smithsonian Institution. It provides current volcanic activity notices, reports published by the Smithsonian since 1968, and basic data about over 1,200 Holocene volcanoes.
• name: DC.Description.Contents content: Volcanic Activity Reports -- Volcanoes of the World
• name: DC.Identifier.URL content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• name: DC.Language content: english
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCC Local content: QE522
• name: DC.Subject scheme: CorporateName content: Smithsonian Institution. Global Volcanism Program.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Volcanoes - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: LCSH content: Paleogeography - Holocene - Electronic information resources.
• name: DC.Subject scheme: Keyword content: volcano, volcanoes, volcanology, volcanism, eruption, eruptive, erupting, Holocene
• name: DC.Relation.Requires content: Mode of access: World Wide Web. Host: volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:site_name content: Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:title content: Global Volcanism Program
• property: og:url content: https://volcano.si.edu/
• property: og:description content: The Global Volcanism Program (GVP) seeks better understanding of all volcanoes through documenting their eruptions during the past 12,000 years.
• property: og:type content: website
• property: og:image content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
• property: og:image:secure_url content: https://volcano.si.edu/includes/images/GVP_LogoBanner.jpg
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• name: twitter:site content: @SmithsonianGVP
• name: twitter:card content: summary_large_image

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